PART 2

Rules Made Easy - Page 2

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Below is a continuation of the summary of the sailing rules that apply most often on the race course. This summary is intended as an aid to sailors and not as a substitute for the Racing Rules of Sailing, a copy of which all racing sailors should own.

PART 2 – WHEN BOATS MEET

The rules of Part 2 apply between boats that are sailing in or near the racing area and intend to race, are racing , or have been racing . However, a boat not racing shall not be penalized for breaking one of these rules, except rule 22.1.

The International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea or government right-of-way rules apply between a boat sailing under these rules and a vessel that is not, and they replace these rules if the sailing instructions so state.

Section A – Right of Way

A boat has right of way when another boat is required to keep clear of her.

However, some rules in Sections B, C and D limit the actions of a right-of-way boat.

10 ON OPPOSITE TACKS

When boats are on opposite tacks, a port-tack boat shall keep clear of a

starboard-tack boat.

11 ON THE SAME TACK, OVERLAPPED

When boats are on the same tack and overlapped, a windward boat shall keep

clear of a leeward boat.

12 ON THE SAME TACK, NOT OVERLAPPED

When boats are on the same tack and not overlapped, a boat clear astern shall

keep clear of a boat clear ahead.

13 WHILE TACKING

After a boat passes head to wind, she shall keep clear of other boats until she is

on a close-hauled course. During that time rules 10, 11 and 12 do not apply. If

two boats are subject to this rule at the same time, the one on the other’s port

side shall keep clear.

Section B – General Limitations

14 AVOIDING CONTACT

A boat shall avoid contact with another boat if reasonably possible. However, a

right-of-way boat or one entitled to room

(a) need not act to avoid contact until it is clear that the other boat is not

keeping clear or giving room, and

(b) shall not be penalized under this rule unless there is contact that causes

damage.

15 ACQUIRING RIGHT OF WAY

When a boat acquires right of way, she shall initially give the other boat room

to keep clear, unless she acquires right of way because of the other boat’s

actions.

16 CHANGING COURSE

16.1 When a right-of-way boat changes course, she shall give the other boat room to

keep clear.

16.2 In addition, when after the starting signal boats are about to cross or are

crossing each other on opposite tacks, and the port-tack boat is keeping clear of

the starboard-tack boat, the starboard-tack boat shall not change course if as a

result the port-tack boat would immediately need to change course to continue

keeping clear.

17 ON THE SAME TACK; PROPER COURSE

17.1 If a boat clear astern becomes overlapped within two of her hull lengths to

leeward of a boat on the same tack, she shall not sail above her proper course

while they remain overlapped within that distance, unless in doing so she

promptly sails astern of the other boat. This rule does not apply if the overlap

begins while the windward boat is required by rule 13 to keep clear.

17.2 Except on a beat to windward, while a boat is less than two of her hull lengths

from a leeward boat or a boat clear astern steering a course to leeward of her,

she shall not sail below her proper course unless she gybes.

Section C – At Marks and Obstructions

To the extent that a Section C rule conflicts with a rule in Section A or B, the

Section C rule takes precedence.

18 ROUNDING AND PASSING MARKS AND OBSTRUCTIONS

In rule 18, room is room for an inside boat to round or pass between an outside

boat and a mark or obstruction, including room to tack or gybe when either is

a normal part of the manoeuvre.

18.1 When This Rule Applies

Rule 18 applies when boats are about to round or pass a mark they are required

to leave on the same side, or an obstruction on the same side, until they have

passed it. However, it does not apply

(a) at a starting mark surrounded by navigable water or at its anchor line from

the time the boats are approaching them to start until they have passed

them, or

(b) between boats on opposite tacks, either on a beat to windward or when the

proper course for one or both of them to round or pass the mark or

obstruction is to tack.

18.2 Giving Room; Keeping Clear

(a) OVERLAPPED – BASIC RULE

When boats are overlapped the outside boat shall give the inside boat

room to round or pass the mark or obstruction, and if the inside boat has

right of way the outside boat shall also keep clear. Other parts of rule 18

contain exceptions to this rule.

(b) OVERLAPPED AT THE ZONE

If boats were overlapped before either of them reached the two-length

zone and the overlap is broken after one of them has reached it, the boat

that was on the outside shall continue to give the other boat room. If the

outside boat becomes clear astern or overlapped inside the other boat, she

is not entitled to room and shall keep clear.

If a boat is clear ahead at the time she reaches the two-length zone, the

boat clear astern shall thereafter keep clear. If the boat clear astern

becomes overlapped outside the other boat she shall also give the inside

boat room. If the boat clear astern becomes overlapped inside the other

boat she is not entitled to room. If the boat that was clear ahead passes

head to wind, rule 18.2(c) no longer applies.

(d) CHANGING COURSE TO ROUND OR PASS

When rule 18 applies between two boats and the right-of-way boat is

changing course to round or pass a mark, rule 16 does not apply between

her and the other boat.

(e) OVERLAP RIGHTS

If there is reasonable doubt that a boat obtained or broke an overlap in

time, it shall be presumed that she did not. If the outside boat is unable to

give room when an overlap begins, rules 18.2(a) and 18.2(b) do not apply.

18.3 Tacking at a Mark

If two boats were approaching a mark on opposite tacks and one of them

completes a tack in the two-length zone when the other is fetching the mark,

rule 18.2 does not apply. The boat that tacked

(a) shall not cause the other boat to sail above close-hauled to avoid her or

prevent the other boat from passing the mark, and

(b) shall give room if the other boat becomes overlapped inside her, in which

case rule 15 does not apply.

18.4 Gybing

When an inside overlapped right-of-way boat must gybe at a mark or

obstruction to sail her proper course, until she gybes she shall sail no farther

from the mark or obstruction than needed to sail that course.

18.5 Passing a Continuing Obstruction

While boats are passing a continuing obstruction, rules 18.2(b) and 18.2(c) do

not apply. A boat clear astern that obtains an inside overlap is entitled to room

to pass between the other boat and the obstruction only if at the moment the

overlap begins there is room to do so. If there is not, she is not entitled to room

and shall keep clear.

19 ROOM TO TACK AT AN OBSTRUCTION

19.1 When safety requires a close-hauled boat to make a substantial course change

to avoid an obstruction and she intends to tack, but cannot tack and avoid

another boat on the same tack, she shall hail for room to do so. Before tacking

she shall give the hailed boat time to respond. The hailed boat shall either

(a) tack as soon as possible, in which case the hailing boat shall also tack as

soon as possible, or

(b) immediately reply ‘You tack’, in which case the hailing boat shall tack as

soon as possible and the hailed boat shall give room, and rules 10 and 13

do not apply.

19.2 Rule 19.1 does not apply at a starting mark surrounded by navigable water or at

its anchor line from the time boats are approaching them to start until they have

passed them or at a mark that the hailed boat can fetch. When rule 19.1 applies,

rule 18 does not.

Section D – Other Rules

When rule 20 or 21 applies between two boats, Section A rules do not.

20 STARTING ERRORS; PENALTY TURNS; MOVING ASTERN

A boat sailing towards the pre-start side of the starting line or its extensions

after her starting signal to comply with rule 29.1 or 30.1 shall keep clear of a

boat not doing so until she is completely on the pre-start side. A boat making a

penalty turn shall keep clear of one that is not. A boat moving astern by

backing a sail shall keep clear of one that is not.

21 CAPSIZED, ANCHORED OR AGROUND; RESCUING

If possible, a boat shall avoid a boat that is capsized or has not regained control

after capsizing, is anchored or aground, or is trying to help a person or vessel in

danger. A boat is capsized when her masthead is in the water.

22 INTERFERING WITH ANOTHER BOAT

22.1 If reasonably possible, a boat not racing shall not interfere with a boat that is

racing.

22.2 A boat shall not deliberately interfere with a boat making penalty turns to delay

her.

25 SAILING INSTRUCTIONS AND SIGNALS

Sailing instructions shall be made available to each boat before a race begins.

The meanings of the visual and sound signals stated in Race Signals shall not

be changed except under rule 86.1(b). The meanings of any other signals that

may be used shall be stated in the sailing instructions.

26 STARTING RACES

Races shall be started by using the following signals. Times shall be taken from

the visual signals; the absence of a sound signal shall be disregarded.

Signal Flag and sound Minutes before

starting signal

Warning Class flag; 1 sound 5*

Preparatory P, I, Z, Z with I, or black flag; 1 sound 4

One-minute Preparatory flag removed; 1 long sound 1

Starting Class flag removed; 1 sound 0

*or as stated in the sailing instructions

The warning signal for each succeeding class shall be made with or after the

starting signal of the preceding class.

27 OTHER RACE COMMITTEE ACTIONS BEFORE THE STARTING

SIGNAL

27.1 No later than the warning signal, the race committee shall signal or otherwise

designate the course to be sailed if the sailing instructions have not stated the

course, and it may replace one course signal with another, signal that a

designated short course will be used (display flag S with two sounds), and

signal that wearing personal buoyancy is required (display flag Y with one

sound).

27.2 No later than the preparatory signal, the race committee may move a starting

mark and may apply rule 30.

27.3 Before the starting signal, the race committee may for any reason postpone

(display flag AP, AP over H, or AP over A, with two sounds) or abandon the

race (display flag N over H, or N over A, with three sounds).

28 SAILING THE COURSE

28.1 A boat shall start, leave each mark on the required side in the correct order, and

finish, so that a string representing her wake after starting and until finishing

would when drawn taut pass each mark on the required side and touch each

rounding mark. After finishing she need not cross the finishing line completely.

She may correct any errors to comply with this rule, provided she has not

already finished.

28.2 A boat may leave on either side a mark that does not begin, bound or end the

leg she is on. However, she shall leave a starting mark on the required side

when she is approaching the starting line from its pre-start side to start.

29 STARTING; RECALLS

29.1 On the Course Side at the Start

When at a boat's starting signal any part of her hull, crew or equipment is on the

course side of the starting line, she shall sail completely to the pre-start side of

the line before starting.

29.2 Individual Recall

When at a boat’s starting signal she must comply with rule 29.1 or 30.1, the

race committee shall promptly display flag X with one sound. The flag shall be

displayed until all such boats are completely on the pre-start side of the starting

line or its extensions and have complied with rule 30.1 if it applies, but not later

than four minutes after the starting signal or one minute before any later

starting signal, whichever is earlier.

29.3 General Recall

When at the starting signal the race committee is unable to identify boats that

are on the course side of the starting line or to which rule 30 applies, or there

has been an error in the starting procedure, the race committee may signal a

general recall (display the First Substitute with two sounds). The warning signal

for a new start for the recalled class shall be made one minute after the First

Substitute is removed (one sound), and the starts for any succeeding classes

shall follow the new start.

30 STARTING PENALTIES

30.1 Round-an-End Rule

If flag I has been displayed before, with, or as a boat’s preparatory signal, and

any part of her hull, crew or equipment is on the course side of the starting line

or its extensions during the minute before her starting signal, she shall sail to

the pre-start side of the line around either end before starting.

30.2 20% Penalty Rule

If flag Z has been displayed before, with, or as a boat’s preparatory signal, no

part of her hull, crew or equipment shall be in the triangle formed by the ends

of the starting line and the first mark during the minute before her starting

signal. If a boat breaks this rule and is identified, she shall receive, without a

hearing, a 20% scoring penalty calculated as stated in rule 44.3(c). She shall be

penalized even if the race is restarted, resailed or rescheduled, but not if it is

postponed or abandoned before the starting signal.

30.3 Black Flag Rule

If a black flag has been displayed before, with, or as a boat’s preparatory signal,

no part of her hull, crew or equipment shall be in the triangle formed by the

ends of the starting line and the first mark during the minute before her starting

signal. If a boat breaks this rule and is identified, she shall be disqualified

without a hearing, even if the race is restarted, resailed or rescheduled, but not

if it is postponed or abandoned before the starting signal. If a general recall is

signalled or the race is abandoned after the starting signal, the race committee

shall display her sail number, and if the race is restarted or resailed she shall not

sail in it. If she does so, her disqualification shall not be excluded in calculating

her series score.

31 TOUCHING A MARK

31.1 While racing, a boat shall not touch a starting mark before starting, a mark that

begins, bounds or ends the leg of the course on which she is sailing, or a

finishing mark after finishing.

31.2 A boat that has broken rule 31.1 may, after getting well clear of other boats as

soon as possible, take a penalty by promptly making one complete 360º turn

including one tack and one gybe. When a boat takes the penalty after touching a

finishing mark, she shall sail completely to the course side of the line before

finishing. However, if a boat has gained a significant advantage in the race or

series by touching the mark she shall retire.

32 SHORTENING OR ABANDONING AFTER THE START

32.1 After the starting signal, the race committee may abandon the race (display flag

N, N over H, or N over A, with three sounds) or shorten the course (display flag

S with two sounds), as appropriate,

(a) because of an error in the starting procedure,

(b) because of foul weather,

within the time limit,

(d) because a mark is missing or out of position, or

(e) for any other reason directly affecting the safety or fairness of the

competition.

However, after one boat has sailed the course and finished within the time limit,

if any, the race committee shall not abandon the race without considering the

consequences for all boats in the race or series.

32.2 After the starting signal, the race committee may shorten the course (display

flag S with two sounds) to enable further scheduled races to be sailed.

33 CHANGING THE POSITION OF THE NEXT MARK

At any rounding mark the race committee may signal a change of the direction

of the next leg of the course by displaying flag C with repetitive sounds and the

compass bearing of that leg before any boat begins it. The race committee may

change the length of the next leg by displaying flag C with repetitive sounds

and a ‘–’ if the leg will be shortened or a ‘+’ if the leg will be lengthened.

34 MARK MISSING

When a mark is missing or out of position, the race committee shall, if possible,

(a) replace it in its correct position or

(b) substitute one of similar appearance, or a buoy or vessel displaying flag M

with repetitive sounds.

35 TIME LIMIT AND SCORES

If one boat sails the course as required by rule 28.1 and finishes within the time

limit, if any, all boats that finish shall be scored according to their finishing

places unless the race is abandoned. If no boat finishes within the time limit,

the race committee shall abandon the race.

36 RACES TO BE RESTARTED OR RESAILED

If a race is restarted or resailed, a breach of a rule, other than rule 30.3, in the

original race shall not prohibit a boat from competing or, except under rule

30.2, 30.3 or 69, cause her to be penalized.

40 PERSONAL BUOYANCY

When flag Y is displayed with one sound before or with the warning signal,

competitors shall wear life-jackets or other adequate personal buoyancy. Wet

suits and dry suits are not adequate personal buoyancy.

41 OUTSIDE HELP

A boat may receive outside help as provided for in rule 1. Otherwise, she shall

not receive help except for an ill or injured crew member or, after a collision,

from the crew of the other boat.

42 PROPULSION

42.1 Basic Rule

Except when permitted in rule 42.3 or 45, a boat shall compete by using only

the wind and water to increase, maintain or decrease her speed. Her crew may

adjust the trim of sails and hull, and perform other acts of seamanship, but shall

not otherwise move their bodies to propel the boat.

42.2 Prohibited Actions

Without limiting the application of rule 42.1, these actions are prohibited:

(a) pumping: repeated fanning of any sail either by trimming and releasing the

sail or by vertical or athwartships body movement;

(b) rocking: repeated rolling of the boat, induced either by body movement or

adjustment of the sails or centreboard, that does not facilitate steering;

(d) sculling: repeated movement of the helm not necessary for steering;

(e) repeated tacks or gybes unrelated to changes in the wind or to tactical

considerations.

42.3 Exceptions

(a) A boat’s crew may move their bodies to exaggerate the rolling that

facilitates steering the boat through a tack or a gybe, provided that, just

after the tack or gybe is completed, the boat’s speed is not greater than it

would have been in the absence of the tack or gybe.

(b) Except on a beat to windward, when surfing (rapidly accelerating down

the leeward side of a wave) or planing is possible, the boat’s crew may

pull the sheet and the guy controlling any sail in order to initiate surfing or

planing, but only once for each wave or gust of wind.

danger.

(d) To get clear after grounding or colliding with another boat or object, a boat

may use force applied by the crew of either boat and any equipment other

than a propulsion engine.

43 COMPETITOR CLOTHING AND EQUIPMENT

43.1 (a) Competitors shall not wear or carry clothing or equipment for the purpose

of increasing their weight.

(b) Furthermore, a competitor’s clothing and equipment shall not weigh more

than 8 kilograms, excluding a hiking or trapeze harness and clothing

(including footwear) worn only below the knee. Class rules or sailing

instructions may specify a lower weight or a higher weight up to 10

kilograms. Class rules may include footwear and other clothing worn

below the knee within that weight. A hiking or trapeze harness shall have

positive buoyancy and shall not weigh more than 2 kilograms, except that

class rules may specify a higher weight up to 4 kilograms. Weights shall

be determined as required by Appendix H.

competitor may have broken rule 43.1(a) or 43.1(b) he shall report the

matter in writing to the race committee, which shall protest the boat of the

competitor.

43.2 Rule 43.1(b) does not apply to boats required to be equipped with lifelines.

44 PENALTIES FOR BREAKING RULES OF PART 2

44.1 Taking a Penalty

A boat that may have broken a rule of Part 2 while racing may take a penalty at

the time of the incident. Her penalty shall be a 720º Turns Penalty unless the

sailing instructions specify the use of the Scoring Penalty or some other

penalty. However, if she caused serious damage or gained a significant

advantage in the race or series by her breach she shall retire.

44.2 720º Turns Penalty

After getting well clear of other boats as soon after the incident as possible, a

boat takes a 720º Turns Penalty by promptly making two complete 360º turns

(720º) in the same direction, including two tacks and two gybes. When a boat

takes the penalty at or near the finishing line, she shall sail completely to the

course side of the line before finishing.

44.3 Scoring Penalty

(a) A boat takes a Scoring Penalty by displaying a yellow flag at the first

reasonable opportunity after the incident, keeping it displayed until

finishing, and calling the race committee’s attention to it at the finishing

line. At that time she shall also inform the race committee of the identity

of the other boat involved in the incident. If this is impracticable, she shall

do so at the first reasonable opportunity within the time limit for protests.

(b) If a boat displays a yellow flag, she shall also comply with the other parts

of rule 44.3(a).

actual finishing place by the number of places stated in the sailing

instructions, except that she shall not be scored worse than Did Not Finish.

When the sailing instructions do not state the number of places, the

number shall be the whole number (rounding 0.5 upward) nearest to 20%

of the number of boats entered. The scores of other boats shall not be

changed; therefore, two boats may receive the same score.

44.4 Limits on Penalties

(a) When a boat intends to take a penalty as provided in rule 44.1 and in the

same incident has touched a mark, she need not take the penalty provided

in rule 31.2.

(b) A boat that takes a penalty shall not be penalized further with respect to

the same incident unless she failed to retire when rule 44.1 required her to

do so.

45 HAULING OUT; MAKING FAST; ANCHORING

A boat shall be afloat and off moorings at her preparatory signal. Thereafter,

she shall not be hauled out or made fast except to bail out, reef sails or make

repairs. She may anchor or the crew may stand on the bottom. She shall recover

the anchor before continuing in the race unless she is unable to do so.

46 PERSON IN CHARGE

A boat shall have on board a person in charge designated by the member or

organization that entered the boat. See rule 75.

47 LIMITATIONS ON EQUIPMENT AND CREW

47.1 A boat shall use only the equipment on board at her preparatory signal.

47.2 No person on board shall intentionally leave, except when ill or injured, or to

help a person or vessel in danger, or to swim. A person leaving the boat by

accident or to swim shall be back on board before the boat continues in the

race.

48 FOG SIGNALS AND LIGHTS

When safety requires, a boat shall sound fog signals and show lights as required

by the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea or applicable

government rules.

49 CREW POSITION

49.1 Competitors shall use no device designed to position their bodies outboard,

other than hiking straps and stiffeners worn under the thighs.

49.2 When lifelines are required by the class rules or the sailing instructions they

shall be taut, and competitors shall not position any part of their torsos outside

them, except briefly to perform a necessary task. On boats equipped with upper

and lower lifelines of wire, a competitor sitting on the deck facing outboard

with his waist inside the lower lifeline may have the upper part of his body

outside the upper lifeline.

50 SETTING AND SHEETING SAILS

50.1 Changing Sails

When headsails or spinnakers are being changed, a replacing sail may be fully

set and trimmed before the replaced sail is lowered. However, only one

mainsail and, except when changing, only one spinnaker shall be carried set at a

time.

50.2 Spinnaker Poles, Whisker Poles

Only one spinnaker pole or whisker pole shall be used at a time except when

gybing. When in use, it shall be attached to the foremost mast.

50.3 Use of Outriggers

(a) No sail shall be sheeted over or through an outrigger, except as permitted

in rule 50.3(b). An outrigger is any fitting or other device so placed that it

could exert outward pressure on a sheet or sail at a point from which, with

the boat upright, a vertical line would fall outside the hull or deck

planking. For the purpose of this rule, bulwarks, rails and rubbing strakes

are not part of the hull or deck planking and the following are not

outriggers: a bowsprit used to secure the tack of a working sail, a bumkin

used to sheet the boom of a working sail, or a boom of a boomed headsail

that requires no adjustment when tacking.

(b) (1) Any sail may be sheeted to or led above a boom that is regularly used

for a working sail and is permanently attached to the mast from

which the head of the working sail is set.

(2) A headsail may be sheeted or attached at its clew to a spinnaker pole

or whisker pole, provided that a spinnaker is not set.

50.4 Headsails

The difference between a headsail and a spinnaker is that the mid-girth of a

headsail, measured from the mid-points of its luff and leech, does not exceed

50% of the length of its foot, and no other intermediate girth exceeds a

percentage similarly proportional to its distance from the head of the sail. A sail

tacked down behind the foremost mast is not a headsail.

51 MOVABLE BALLAST

All movable ballast shall be properly stowed, and water, dead weight or ballast

shall not be moved for the purpose of changing trim or stability. Floorboards,

bulkheads, doors, stairs and water tanks shall be left in place and all cabin

fixtures kept on board.

52 MANUAL POWER

A boat’s standing rigging, running rigging, spars and movable hull appendages

shall be adjusted and operated only by manual power.

53 SKIN FRICTION

A boat shall not eject or release a substance, such as a polymer, or have

specially textured surfaces that could improve the character of the flow of water

inside the boundary layer.

54 FORESTAYS AND HEADSAIL TACKS

Forestays and headsail tacks, except those of spinnaker staysails when the boat

is not close-hauled, shall be attached approximately on a boat’s centre-line.

PART 5 – PROTESTS, REDRESS, HEARINGS,

MISCONDUCT AND APPEALS

Section A – Protests and Redress

60 RIGHT TO PROTEST AND REQUEST REDRESS

60.1 A boat may

(a) protest another boat, but not for an alleged breach of a rule of Part 2 unless

she was involved in or saw the incident; or

(b) request redress.

60.2 A race committee may

(a) protest a boat, but not as a result of a report by a competitor from another

boat or other interested party or of information in an invalid protest;

(b) request redress for a boat; or

60.3 A protest committee may

(a) protest a boat, but not as a result of a report by a competitor from another

boat or other interested party except under rule 61.1(c), or as a result of

information in an invalid protest except under rule 60.4;

(b) call a hearing to consider redress; or

60.4 If a protest committee receives a report of an incident that may have resulted in

serious damage or serious injury, it may protest any boat involved.

61 PROTEST REQUIREMENTS

61.1 Informing the Protestee

(a) A boat intending to protest shall always inform the other boat at the first

reasonable opportunity. When her protest concerns an incident in the

racing area that she is involved in or sees, she shall hail ‘Protest’ and

conspicuously display a red flag at the first reasonable opportunity for

each. However, boats of hull length less than 6 metres need not display the

flag, and if the other boat is beyond hailing distance the protesting boat

need not hail but shall inform the other boat at the first reasonable

opportunity. A boat required to display a flag shall do so until she is no

longer racing.

(b) A race committee or protest committee intending to protest a boat under

rule 60.2(a) or 60.3(a) shall inform her as soon as reasonably possible,

except that if the protest arises from an incident it observes in the racing

area the committee shall inform the boat after the race within the time

limit of rule 61.3.

committee decides to protest a boat that was involved in the incident but is

not a party to that hearing, it shall inform the boat as soon as reasonably

possible of its intention, then protest her as required by rule 61.2 and

proceed with a hearing as required by rule 63.

61.2 Protest Contents

A protest shall be in writing and identify

(a) the protestor and protestee;

(b) the incident, including where and when it occurred;

(d) the name of the protestor’s representative.

Provided the written protest identifies the incident, other details may be

corrected before or during the hearing.

61.3 Protest Time Limit

A protest by a boat, or by the race committee or protest committee about an

incident the committee observes in the racing area, shall be delivered to the race

office no later than the time limit stated in the sailing instructions. If none is

stated, the time limit is two hours after the last boat in the race finishes. Other

race committee or protest committee protests shall be delivered to the race

office within two hours after the committee receives the relevant information.

The protest committee shall extend the time if there is good reason to do so.

62 REDRESS

62.1 A request for redress or a protest committee’s decision to consider redress shall

be based on a claim or possibility that a boat’s finishing place in a race or series

has, through no fault of her own, been made significantly worse by

(a) an improper action or omission of the race committee or protest

committee,

(b) physical damage because of the action of a boat that was breaking a rule of

Part 2 or of a vessel not racing that was required to keep clear,

(d) a boat against which a penalty has been imposed under rule 2 or

disciplinary action has been taken under rule 69.1(b).

62.2 The request shall be made in writing within the time limit of rule 61.3 or within

two hours of the relevant incident, whichever is later. The protest committee

shall extend the time if there is good reason to do so. No red flag is required.

Section B – Hearings and Decisions

63 HEARINGS

63.1 Requirement for a Hearing

A boat or competitor shall not be penalized without a protest hearing, except as

provided in rules 30.2, 30.3, 67, 69, A5 and N2. A decision on redress shall not

be made without a hearing. The protest committee shall hear all protests and

requests for redress that have been delivered to the race office unless it allows a

boat to withdraw her protest or request.

63.2 Time and Place of the Hearing; Time for Parties to Prepare

All parties to the hearing shall be notified of the time and place of the hearing,

the protest or redress i